Duplex-assisted internal carotid artery balloon angioplasty and stent placement: A novel approach to minimize or eliminate the use of contrast material

Duplex scan-assisted CBAS is feasible and may reduce the need for intra-arterial contrast injection in selected patients deemed at high risk for renal failure from nephrotoxic contrast material. Additional advantages include direct visualization of the puncture site, precise position of the balloon and stent, and B-mode and hemodynamic confirmation of the adequacy of the technique.