کد مقاله | کد نشریه | سال انتشار | مقاله انگلیسی | نسخه تمام متن |
---|---|---|---|---|
917527 | 919275 | 2009 | 6 صفحه PDF | دانلود رایگان |
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله ISI
Can we observe spontaneous smiles in 1-year-olds?
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کلمات کلیدی
موضوعات مرتبط
علوم زیستی و بیوفناوری
علم عصب شناسی
علوم اعصاب رفتاری
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چکیده انگلیسی
Five infants were observed longitudinally. In over 30 h of observations, seven spontaneous smiles and one spontaneous laugh were found. All smiles were observed in infants between the ages of 10 and 15 months. These data indicate that spontaneous smiles do not disappear at 2 months of age and they still exist at over 15 months. This disproves some emotional expression theories, where spontaneous smiles are considered to be precursor to and replaced by social smiles. Our data suggest that those theories must be revised and provide new perspectives on this field of studies.
ناشر
Database: Elsevier - ScienceDirect (ساینس دایرکت)
Journal: Infant Behavior and Development - Volume 32, Issue 4, December 2009, Pages 416–421
Journal: Infant Behavior and Development - Volume 32, Issue 4, December 2009, Pages 416–421
نویسندگان
Fumito Kawakami, Kiyobumi Kawakami, Masaki Tomonaga, Kiyoko Takai-Kawakami,