Tactile enumeration of small quantities using one hand

• We examined passive tactile enumeration on one hand at 100/800 ms exposure times.
• The results show a moderate increase in RT, regardless of stimuli exposure time.
• We suggest that when using one hand the subitizing range is 4, rather than 3.
• Stimuli applied to neighboring fingers yielded more efficient responses.
• The right hand was more accurate than the left hand under brief exposure time.

Our study explores various aspects of enumerating small quantities in the tactile modality. Fingertips of one hand were stimulated by a vibro-tactile apparatus (for 100/800 ms). Between 1 and 5 stimuli were presented to the right or the left hand and applied to neighboring (e.g., thumb–index–middle) or non-neighboring (e.g., thumb–middle–pinkie) fingers. The results showed a moderate increase in RT up to 4 stimuli and then a decrease for 5 stimuli. Right hand stimulation evoked more accurate performance than left hand stimulation only under short exposures (100 ms). Importantly, when the stimuli were presented to neighboring fingers, the accuracy rate was higher and the RT was faster than when presented to non-neighboring fingers. We discuss the results and suggest that when the stimuli are presented to one hand the subitizing range is 4 rather than 3. Furthermore, the right hand advantage and the efficiency for neighboring fingers are further support for the association between number and spatial arrangement of the fingers.