Interpreting a radiograph of the chest

The chest radiograph is the most commonly requested radiological examination in the UK and the referring clinician often performs the initial interpretation. This contribution provides a methodical reporting routine and the basic information required for interpretation. The technical factors relating to the most frequently performed projections are discussed, and a systematic method for interpretation is suggested in order to aid the assessment of unfamiliar appearances and to reduce errors. The radiological anatomy of the chest radiograph and the various common pathological processes that affect it are described. The pathology and appearances of consolidation, pleural effusions, pulmonary collapse, nodules and masses are discussed. The key points of interpretation in several surgical scenarios are described.