Randomized comparison of standard laparoscopic trainer to novel, at-home, low-cost, camera-less laparoscopic trainer

The improvements in laparoscopic skills on our inexpensive, portable, at-home, camera-less trainer were not significantly different from those gained using a traditional video laparoscopic trainer. Participants trained on our portable trainer were able to improve objectively and subjectively by both external and internal evaluations. Thus, our system will allow trainees to develop their laparoscopic skills in an inexpensive manner in the comfort of their own home.