Comparison of second-generation hand-assisted laparoscopic devices for surgeon pain and arm circulation

Both HADs resulted in surgeon discomfort in our in vitro model. The GelPort resulted in more subjective pain compared with the LapDisc. Both HADs caused a reduction in manual blood flow. However, compared with the LapDisc, the GelPort caused significantly more reduction in manual blood flow. Surgeon comfort is only one parameter to consider when choosing a HAD.