Caesarean section: Techniques and complications

One-fifth of deliveries in England and Wales are now undertaken by Caesarean section. The procedure itself has changed little over the years, although evidence-based refinements have resulted in reduced morbidity, and further research continues in trying to adapt techniques to improve safety further. Good surgical training is, of course, paramount, especially as many emergency procedures are undertaken by doctors in training. This operation constitutes a major surgical procedure and, as such, is associated with a number of surgical complications. However, the current safety of Caesarean section means that a proportion of women are electing to have their babies delivered in this manner without any other indication. The National Institute for Clinical Excellence guidance on Caesarean section has helped to bring together data to allow more accurate counselling on risks and benefits, although difficulties in counselling remain.