Cystectomy - Technical Considerations in Male and Female Patients

The technique of radical cystectomy and lymphadenectomy both in male and female patients with regards to preservation of the urethra is outlined. In addition technique of sparing autonomic nerves both to the membranous urethra and the penis or the external and internal female genitalia is described. Surgical variations based on recent anatomic and clinical findings are presented and discussed with regards to the best functional outcome in male and female patients.