Surgery for intersex

Surgery for intersex is a complex and controversial topic. The traditional practice of surgery for all-usually during infancy-has been challenged by unsatisfied adult patients. There is at present little good outcome data partly due to the problems of non-disclosure of diagnosis, which leaves adult patients absent from follow-up studies. Only recently has more information become available on gynaecological and sexual outcomes. This review covers the three main aspects of intersex surgery: clitoral surgery, vaginoplasty and gonadectomy. Traditional and modern surgical techniques are described as well as any available follow-up data. The current controversies surrounding the role of intersex surgery are summarised.