The exclusive use of integer-order spots for LEED-IV structure analysis of adsorption systems: p(2 × 2)-O on Ni{1 1 1}

Adsorbate-related contributions to the intensities of integer-order diffraction spots are independent of the state of long-range order in the adsorbate layer. These results show, therefore, that for lattice-gas disordered adsorbate layers, for which only integer-order spots are observed, similar accuracy and reliability can be achieved as for ordered adsorbate layers, provided the data set is large enough.