Product flexibility and price competition in Hotelling’s duopoly

In a Hotelling’s duopoly with a general transportation cost function, we study competition through catalog: each firm chooses at the same time a price and a location. With simultaneous catalog offers, there is no equilibrium in pure strategies for high valuations of the consumers, while a Stackelberg equilibrium exists under mild conditions. The follower is better off than the leader, whose price is smaller: the location preemption effect is weaker than the price leadership effect. We obtain closed-form solutions for the linear and quadratic cost cases. Using these results, we discuss the nature of competition depending on the relative flexibility of products and prices.