Anaesthesia and pain relief for caesarean and other obstetric procedures

Anaesthesia and pain relief are frequently required for obstetric procedures such as caesarean section, often in urgent circumstances. This article describes the anaesthetic management of women undergoing obstetric surgery. It outlines the important points for assessment and preparation, and factors affecting the choice between regional or general anaesthesia. Regional techniques are preferred on grounds of safety as well as having other advantages for mother and baby. The conduct of epidural and spinal anaesthesia are described in detail, together with their potential complications. In certain situations, general anaesthesia may be indicated, and this is also discussed. Some maternal conditions such as pre-eclampsia may influence the anaesthetic technique, and these are outlined briefly. The article also mentions other procedures such as cervical cerclage, and highlights the important aspects of postoperative management.