The use of charge-coupled polymeric microparticles and micromagnets for modulating the bioavailability of orally delivered macromolecules

Protein drugs have low bioavailability after oral administration, which is due in part to fast transit of the drugs or drug delivery vehicles through the gastrointestinal tract. Increasing the time that the drugs spend in the intestine after dosing would allow for greater absorption and increased bioavailability. We developed a formulation strategy that can be used to prolong intestinal retention of drug delivery vehicles without substantial alterations to current polymeric encapsulation strategies. A model drug, insulin, was encapsulated in negatively charged poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microparticles, and the microparticles were subsequently mixed with positively charged micromagnets, whose size will prevent them from being absorbed. Stable complexes formed through electrostatic interaction. The complexes were effectively immobilized in vitro in a model of the mouse small intestine by application of an external magnetic field. Mice that were gavaged with radio-labeled complexes and fitted with a magnetic belt retained 32.5% of the 125I-insulin in the small intestine compared with 5.4% for the control group 6 h after administration (p = 0.005). Furthermore, mice similarly gavaged with complexes encapsulating insulin (120 Units/kg) exhibited long-term glucose reduction in the groups with magnetic belts. The corresponding bioavailability of insulin was 5.11% compared with 0.87% for the control group (p = 0.007).