Reforms and infrastructure regulation in Brazil: The experience of ANTT and ANTAQ

Increasing attention has been paid to the Brazilian regulatory experience. However, it can be argued that the large majority of this recent and incipient literature has focused on the cases of telecommunications (ANATEL), electricity (ANEEL), and oil and gas (ANP). This paper analyzes some issues concerning the Brazilian regulatory experience of railways and roads (ANTT) and harbors (ANTAQ), mainly due to their importance to the country's international trade performance. The article scrutinizes the Brazilian regulatory experience as a whole and emphasizes the ANTT and ANTAQ's trajectories, by stressing the following features: the original conception and the lack of coordination, the heritage of bureaucratic personnel, the political influence, the budget evolution, and the performance of regulated companies.