Predicting articular erosion in hallux valgus: Clinical, radiographic, and intraoperative analysis

The authors present a prospective intraoperative evaluation of the articular wear pattern of the first metatarsal, tibial and fibular sesamoids, and base of the proximal phalanx of 166 feet undergoing hallux valgus surgery. The collected data were compared with various clinical parameters and radiographic measurements to determine if any of these variables can predict the incidence and location of articular erosion. The incidence and predictability of the location of the articular erosion increased significantly as the patient's age (P = .000), intermetatarsal angle 1-2 (P = .004), hallux abductus angle (P = .000), tibial sesamoid position (P = .016), and proximal articular set angle (P = .02) increased. The association of foot type (ie, digital length pattern), metatarsal protrusion distance, metatarsal head shape, and hallux abductus interphalangeus was not significant. Therefore, preoperative clinical parameters (ie, age) and radiographic measurements (ie, intermetatarsal angle 1-2, hallux abductus angle, tibial sesamoid position, and proximal articular set angle) can directly define the incidence and location of articular erosion and are helpful in the preoperative assessment of the hallux valgus deformity. In addition, nearly every first metatarsophalangeal joint evaluated had some degree of articular erosion and, in certain circumstances (ie, advanced age and increased proximal articular set angle), it was universal and extensive.