Optimal replacement of residential air conditioning equipment to minimize energy, greenhouse gas emissions, and consumer cost in the US

► Optimal replacement schedules for residential central air conditioners were found. ► Minimizing energy required more frequent replacement than minimizing consumer cost. ► Significant variation in optimal replacement was observed for Michigan and Texas. ► Rebates for altering replacement patterns are not cost effective for GHG abatement. ► Maintenance levels were significant in determining the energy and GHG impacts.