Keywords: ABTS; 2,2â²-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid; DMF; dimethylformamide; ds-DNA; double-stranded DNA; ER; endoplasmic reticulum; EDTA; ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; fla; flavonolate; GO; galactose oxidase; NHE; normal hydrogen electrode;