Keywords: کراتین، کراتین; CGA, corrected gestational age; IVH, interventricular hemorrhage; PVL, periventricular leukomalacia; MRS, magnetic resonance spectroscopy; mI, myoinositol; NAA, N-acetylaspartate; Cr, Creatine; Cho, choline; Glx, glutamine + glutamateMotor delay; Kinemati
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Keywords: کراتین، کراتین; DWI, diffusion-weighted imaging; MRS, magnetic resonance spectroscopy; ADC, apparent diffusion coefficient; 1H, proton; Cho, choline; Cr, creatine; ppm, part per million; FNAB, fine needle aspiration biopsy; FNAC, fine needle aspiration cytology; CT, comp
Keywords: کراتین، کراتین; AAV, adeno-associated viruses; AGAT, arginine:glycine amidinotransferase; BBB, blood–brain barrier; CNS, central nervous system; Cr, creatine; DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; EGFP, enhanced green fluorescent protein; GAA, guanidinoacetate; GABAAR, GA
Keywords: کراتین، کراتین; AST, attentional set-shifting test; bTBI, blast traumatic brain injury; BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor; CCI, controlled cortical impact; CD, compound discrimination; CFC, contextual fear conditioning; ChAT, choline acetyltransferase; Cr, creatine
Keywords: کراتین، کراتین; Cr, creatine; ERL, elimination rate limited; fm, metabolite formation fraction; ip, intraperitoneal; IP-HPLC, ion-pair high performance liquid chromatography; PCA, perchloric acid; PCr, phosphocreatine; PD, pharmacodynamics; Pit, Posterior Pituitary Injec
Keywords: کراتین، کراتین; AUC, area under the curve; Cho, choline; CI, confidence intervals; Cr, creatine; CT, computerized tomography; DOR, diagnostic odds ratio; DWI, diffusion-weighted imaging; FN, false negative; FP, false positive; I2, inconsistency index; Lac, lactate; LR+,
Keywords: کراتین، کراتین; HD, Huntington's disease; HTT, huntingtin gene; EDL, extensor digitorum longus muscle; ATP, adenosine triphosphate; ADP, adenosine diphosphate; AMP, adenosine monophosphate; Cr, creatine; PCr, phosphocreatine; PCr/Cr ratio, phosphocreatine/creatine ratio;
Keywords: کراتین، کراتین; Mac, macromolecules; Asc, ascorbate; bhB, beta-hydroxibutirate; PCho, phosphorylcholine; Cr, creatine; PCr, phosphocreatine; GABA, γ-aminobuttyric acid; Glc, glucose; Glu, glutamate; Gln, glutamine; myo-Ins, myo-inositol; Lac, lactate; NAA, N-acetylaspart
Mg ++ requirement for MtHK binding, and Mg ++ stabilization of mitochondrial membranes via activation of MtHK & MtCK and promotion of mitochondrial permeability transition pore closure: A hypothesis on mechanisms underlying Mg ++’s antioxidant and cytopro
Keywords: کراتین، کراتین; ANT, Adenine nucleotide translocator; BB-CK, brain type cytosolic isoenzyme of creatine kinase; Ca ++, calcium ion; Cr, creatine; CypD, cyclophilin D; CK, creatine kinase; G-6-P, glucose-6-phosphate; GF/PI3K/Akt, Growth factor/Phosphoinositide-3-kinase/P
The predictive value of baseline NAA/Cr for treatment response of first-episode schizophrenia: A 1H MRS study
Keywords: کراتین، کراتین; AVH, auditory verbal hallucination; SZ, schizophrenia; 1HMRS, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy; NAA, Nacetylaspartate; Cr, creatine; Cho, choline; MI, myo-inositol; PANSS, positive and negative syndrome scaleN-acetylaspartate; Schizophrenia; Halluci
Diagnostic accuracy of diffusion MRI with quantitative ADC measurements in differentiating glioma recurrence from radiation necrosis
Keywords: کراتین، کراتین; ADC, apparent diffusion coefficient; AUC, area under the curve; CBM, Chinese Biomedical databases; Cho, choline; CI, confidence intervals; Cr, creatine; CT, computerized tomography; DOR, diagnostic odds ratio; DTI, diffusion tensor imaging; DWI, diffusion
Association of low GLP-1 with oxidative stress is related to cardiac disease and outcome in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A pilot study
Keywords: کراتین، کراتین; ∆Ψm, mitochondrial membrane potential; 8-OH-dG, 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine; ATPs (V), ATP synthase or Complex V; Cr, creatine; CR, cardiac remodeling; CVE, cardiovascular events; Cyt c, cytochrome c; DPP4, dipeptidyl peptidase-4; GLP-1, glucagon-like pep
Identification of the early postmortem metabolic state of porcine M. semimembranosus using Raman spectroscopy
Keywords: کراتین، کراتین; ADP, adenosine diphosphate; AMP, adenosine monophosphate; ATP, adenosine triphosphate; Cr, creatine; IMP, inosine monophosphate; PCr, phosphocreatine; Pi, inorganic phosphate; PLSR, partial least squares regression; PSE, pale, soft, exudative; RFN, red, f
Are glutamate and lactate increases ubiquitous to physiological activation? A 1H functional MR spectroscopy study during motor activation in human brain at 7 Tesla
Keywords: کراتین، کراتین; Asp, aspartate; Cerebral metabolic rate, CMR; CRLB, Cramér–Rao lower bounds; Cr, creatine; tCho, total choline; FASTMAP, fast automatic shimming technique by mapping along the projections; Functional magnetic resonance imaging, fMRI; Functional magnetic r
1H proton MR spectroscopy and diffusion-weighted imaging in discrimination between pyogenic brain abscesses and necrotic brain tumors
Keywords: کراتین، کراتین; AAs, amino acids; Ac, acetate; DWI, diffusion-weighted imaging; 1H-MR spectroscopy, hydrogen 1 proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy; NAA, N-acetyl aspartate; Ch, choline; Cr, creatine; Lac, lactate; Lip, lipid; SE, spin-echo; Suc, succinate; T1WI, T1-we
Role of quantitative diffusion-weighted MRI and 1H MR spectroscopy in distinguishing between benign and malignant thyroid nodules
Keywords: کراتین، کراتین; Thyroid; Diffusion; ADC; MR spectroscopyMRS, magnetic resonance spectroscopy; Ch, choline; Cr, creatine; ADC, apparent diffusion coefficient; FNAB, fine needle aspiration biopsy; FNAC, fine needle aspiration cytology; STN, solitary thyroid nodule
Effects of intracerebroventricular administration of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin in a patient with Niemann–Pick Type C disease
Keywords: کراتین، کراتین; NPC, Niemann–Pick Type C disease; HPB-CD, 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin; CD, cyclodextrin; MRS, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; NAA, N-acetylaspartate; Cho, choline; Cr, creatine; PET, positron emission tomography; CSF, cerebrospinal fluidNieman
In vivo neurobiochemical changes of the posterior cingulate gyrus in patients with Alzheimer’s disease detected by multivoxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Keywords: کراتین، کراتین; MMSE, Mini Mental State Examination; 1H-MRS, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy; AD, Alzheimer’s disease; PCG, posterior cingulate gyrus; ACG, anterior cingulate gyrus; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; NAA, N-acetylaspartate; Cho, choline; Cr, creatine
Perceptual and cognitive effects of antipsychotics in first-episode schizophrenia: The potential impact of GABA concentration in the visual cortex
Keywords: کراتین، کراتین; ANOVA, analysis of variance; c/d, cycles/degree; Cr, creatine; GABA, gamma-aminobutyric acid; HSD, honestly significant difference; M, magnocellular; P, parvocellular; PANSS, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; RBANS, Repeatable Battery for the Assessme
Acetate supplementation increases brain phosphocreatine and reduces AMP levels with no effect on mitochondrial biogenesis
Keywords: کراتین، کراتین; GTA, glyceryl triacetate; TCA, tricarboxylic acid; ECR, energy charge ratio; PCr, phosphocreatine; Cr, creatine; Cn, creatinine; PBS, phosphate buffered saline; TBAP, tetrabutylammonium phosphate; KH2PO4, mono-basic potassium phosphate; HPLC, high perform
MR spectroscopy, S100B protein and NSE analysis as early predictors of hypoxic ishaemic encephalopathy
Keywords: کراتین، کراتین; Cho, Choline; Cr, Creatine; Glx, Glutamine; HIE, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy; 1HMRS, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy; NAA, N-acetylaspartate; NSE, neuron-specific enolaseMR Spectroscopy; Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy; S100B; NSE
Interictal alterations of thalamic metabolic concentration ratios in migraine without aura detected by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Keywords: کراتین، کراتین; 1H-MRS, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy; NAA, N-acetylaspartate; Cho, choline; Cr, creatine; MI, myo-inositol; Lac, lactateInterictal; Thalamus; Metabolites; Migraine; Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy
NMR metabolomic of frontal cortex extracts: First study comparing two neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Keywords: کراتین، کراتین; Ace, acetate; Ala, alanine; ALZ, Alzheimer's disease; ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Asp, aspartate; Branched AA, branched amino acids; Cho, choline; Cr, creatine; CSF, cerebral spinal fluid; Glu/Gl, glutamate + glutamine; GPC, glycerophosphocholine;
The role of pH on the thermodynamics and kinetics of muscle biochemistry: An in vivo study by 31P-MRS in patients with myo-phosphorylase deficiency
Keywords: کراتین، کراتین; 31P-MRS, Phosphorus Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; PCr, phosphocreatine; MCK, mitochondrial creatine kinase enzyme; Cr, creatine; TR, repetition time; FWMH, Full Widths at Middle Height; [PCr]cons, PCr consumed during exercise; TCPCr, PCr recovery time
Tianeptine reverses stress-induced asymmetrical hippocampal volume and N-acetylaspartate loss in rats: An in vivo study
Keywords: کراتین، کراتین; 1H-MRS, Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; ANOVA, Analysis of Variance; Cho, Choline Moieties; Cr, Creatine; DG, Dentate Gyrus; ELISA, Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay; FLASH, Fast Low Angle Shot; FST, Forced Swimming Test; HPLC, High Performance Li
Clinical Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Keywords: کراتین، کراتین; ATP, adenosine triphosphate; 13C, 13Carbon; CK, creatine kinase; Cr, creatine; DCM, dilated cardiomyopathy; 1H, 1Hydrogen; LV, left ventricular; MR, magnetic resonance; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; MRS, magnetic resonance spectroscopy; 23Na, 23Sodium;
GC/MS determination of guanidinoacetate and creatine in urine: A routine method for creatine deficiency syndrome diagnosis
Keywords: کراتین، کراتین; GC/MS, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry; CDS, creatine deficiency syndrome; Cr, creatine; GAMT, guanidinoacetate methyltransferase; AGAT, arginine:glycine amidinotransferase; GAA, guanidinoacetate; Crn, creatinine; SLC6A8, creatine transporterGas chro
Increased glutamate in the hippocampus after galantamine treatment for Alzheimer disease
Keywords: کراتین، کراتین; AChE, acetylcholinesterase; AChEI, acetylcholinesterase inhibitor; AD, Alzheimer disease; ADAS-cog, Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale; Cho, choline; Cr, creatine; FLASH, Fast Low Angle Shot; FOV, field of view; Gal, galantamine; Gln, g
High-frequency rTMS treatment increases left prefrontal myo-inositol in young patients with treatment-resistant depression
Keywords: کراتین، کراتین; ANOVA, analysis of variance; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; Cho, choline; Cr, creatine; DLPFC, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; DSM, Diagnosis and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Glx, glutamine + glutamate; HAMD, Hamilton Depressive Rating Scale;
Skeletal muscle: Energy metabolism, fiber types, fatigue and adaptability
Keywords: کراتین، کراتین; AMPK, AMP-dependent protein kinase; [Ca2+]i, cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration; Cr, creatine; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; MHC, myosin heavy chain; PCr, phosphocreatine; PGC-1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α; P
An Exploratory Study of Endorectal Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy of the Prostate as Preoperative Predictive Biomarkers of Biochemical Relapse After Radical Prostatectomy
Keywords: کراتین، کراتین; prostate; prostatic neoplasms; neoplasm recurrence; magnetic resonance spectroscopy; magnetic resonance imagingBCR, biochemical recurrence; CC/C, (Cho + Cr)/Cit; Cho, choline; Cit, citrate; Cr, creatine; ECE, extracapsular extension; HG, high grade; MR, m
Seizures are associated with brain injury severity in a neonatal model of hypoxia–ischemia
Keywords: کراتین، کراتین; neonatal seizures; hypoxia–ischemia; brain damageABE, arterial base excess; ADC, apparent diffusion coefficient; ANOVA, analysis of variance; Cho, choline; Cr, creatine; DWI, diffusion weighted image; EEG, electroencephalogram; H/I, hypoxic-ischemic; HCO3
Neuroimaging in social anxiety disorder: A systematic review of the literature
Keywords: کراتین، کراتین; 5-HT1A, serotonin-1A; 5-HTTLPR, long allele of the serotonin transporter-linked polymorphic region; ACC, anterior cingulate cortex; BOLD, blood oxygen level dependent; BP, binding potential; Cho, Choline; Cr, Creatine; DAT, dopamine reuptake sites; GABA,
Brain GABA levels in patients with bipolar disorder
Keywords: کراتین، کراتین; AG, agoraphobia; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; Cho, choline; Cr, creatine; DSM, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; FOV, field-of-view; GABA, gamma-aminobutyric acid; GAD, glutamic acid decarboxylase or generalized anxiety disorder; Glu, gl
Immunohistochemical localisation of the creatine transporter in the rat brain
Keywords: کراتین، کراتین; olfactory bulb; hippocampus; cerebellumAGAT, l-arginine:glycine amidino transferase; BB–CK, brain-type isoform of cytosolic creatine kinase; CA, cornu ammonis; Cr, creatine; CRT, creatine transporter; DAB, 3,3′-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride; GA, gua
Long-term creatine supplementation is safe in aged patients with Parkinson disease
Keywords: کراتین، کراتین; α(1)M, α(1)-microglobulin; AlbU, albumin in urine; ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; β(2)M, β(2)-microglobulin; CK, creatine kinase; Cr, creatine; Crn, creatinine; CysC, cystatin C; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; HD, Huntington disease; MANOVA, multiv
Memantine decreases hippocampal glutamate levels: A magnetic resonance spectroscopy study
Keywords: کراتین، کراتین; AD, Alzheimer's disease; BCRS, Brief Cognitive Rating Scale; Cr, creatine; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; FOV, field-of-view; GDS, Global Deterioration Scale; Glu, glutamate; 1H-MRS, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy; IE-T, treated cognitively impaired el
Metabolic changes in the normal ageing brain: Consistent findings from short and long echo time proton spectroscopy
Keywords: کراتین، کراتین; MRSI, MR-spectroscopic imaging; TM, mixing time; STEAM, stimulated echo acquisition mode; NAA, N-acetyl-aspartate; Cr, creatine; Cho, choline; mI, myo-Inositol; SNR, signal-to-noise ratio; PRESS, point resolved spectroscopy; WM, white matter; GM, grey mat
Effects of chronic hypoxia in developing rats on dendritic morphology of the CA1 subarea of the hippocampus and on fear-potentiated startle
Keywords: کراتین، کراتین; CAMK-II, calcium calmodullin kinase II; CH, chronic hypoxia; Cr, creatine; MAP-2, microtubule-associated protein-2; PBS, phosphate buffered saline; PCr, phosphocreatine; P, postnatal day; CS, conditioned stimulus; US, unconditioned stimulusChronic hypoxia
Differential effect of creatine on oxidatively-injured mitochondrial and nuclear DNA
Keywords: کراتین، کراتین; CCC, Covalently closed circular; Cr, Creatine; DTT, dl-dithio-threitol; MFO, Mixed-function oxidase; mtDNA, Mitochondrial DNA; nDNA, Nuclear DNA; 8-OHdG, 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine; PBS, Phosphate-buffered saline; ROS, Reactive oxygen species; PC
Intense exercise increases adenosine concentrations in rat brain: Implications for a homeostatic sleep drive
Keywords: کراتین، کراتین; physical activity; sleep deprivation; nucleotides; nucleosides; adenosine; homeostatic regulationANOVA, analysis of variance; CBF, cerebral blood flow; Cr, creatine; EEG, electroencephalography; EX, exercise group; iEX, intense exercise group; mEX, modera
Metabolic changes in rat prefrontal cortex and hippocampus induced by chronic morphine treatment studied ex vivo by high resolution 1H NMR spectroscopy
Keywords: کراتین، کراتین; PFC, prefrontal cortex; GABA, γ-aminobutyric acid; Glu, glutamate; Gln, glutamine; NAc, nucleus accumbens; GDH, glutamate dehydrogenase; GABA-T, GABA transaminase; PCA, principal component analysis; PC, principal component; Cr, creatine; m-Ins, myo-inosit
Contribution of reduced and oxidized glutathione to signals detected by magnetic resonance spectroscopy as indicators of local brain redox state
Keywords: کراتین، کراتین; Asp, aspartate; BSA, bovine serum albumin; CNS, central nervous system; Cr, creatine; DQC, double quantum coherence; GABA, γ-aminobutyric acid; GSH, reduced form of glutathione; GSSG, oxidized form of glutathione; LC, linear combination; MRS, magnetic res
The creatine transporter mediates the uptake of creatine by brain tissue, but not the uptake of two creatine-derived compounds
Keywords: کراتین، کراتین; ACSF, artificial cerebrospinal fluid; BBB, blood–brain barrier; Cr, creatine; CrOBzl, creatine benzyl ester; CRT, creatine transporter; GPA, 3-guanidinopropionic acid; HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography; PCr-Mg-CPLX, phosphocreatine–Mg-complex a
Quantitative determination of guanidinoacetate and creatine in dried blood spot by flow injection analysis-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry
Keywords: کراتین، کراتین; Cr, creatine; GAMT, guanidinoacetate methyltransferase; AGAT, arginine:glycine methyltransferase; GAA, guanidinoacetate; ESI-MS/MS, electrospray tandem mass spectrometry; FIA, flow injection analysisGuanidinoacetate; Creatine; Tandem mass spectrometry; Dr
The capacity for the de novo biosynthesis of creatine is present in the tunicate Ciona intestinalis and is likely widespread in other protochordate and invertebrate groups
Keywords: کراتین، کراتین; AGAT, arginine:glycine amidinotransferase; bp, base pair; CK, creatine kinase; Cr, creatine; CT, threshold cycle number; DTT, dithiothreitol; EST, expressed sequence tag; GAA, guanidinoacetate; GAMT, guanidinoacetate methyltransferase; ORF, open reading f
Creatine supplementation affords cytoprotection in oxidatively injured cultured mammalian cells via direct antioxidant activity
Keywords: کراتین، کراتین; ATZ, 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole; BSO, buthionine sulfoximine; CAT, catalase; Cr, creatine; [Cr]i, free creatine intracellular concentration; CK, creatine kinase; CrP, creatine phosphate; [CrP]i, creatine phosphate intracellular concentration; CrTR, creatine t
Mixed Macromolecular Crowding Accelerates the Refolding of Rabbit Muscle Creatine Kinase: Implications for Protein Folding in Physiological Environments
Keywords: کراتین، کراتین; CK, creatine kinase; MM-CK, cytosolic creatine kinase isoenzyme from rabbit muscle; Cr, creatine; PCr, phosphocreatine; CT DNA, calf thymus DNA; GAPDH, D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GdnHCl, guanidine hydrochloride; UV-vis, ultraviolet and vi
Neurochemical alterations of the brain in bipolar disorder and their implications for pathophysiology: A systematic review of the in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy findings
Keywords: کراتین، کراتین; ACC, anterior cingulate cortex; BD, bipolar disorder; BG, basal ganglia; Cho, choline; Cr, creatine; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; CSI, chemical shift imaging; DLPFC, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; DSM, diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders;