
Keywords: 5-HT; serotonin; β-AR; β-adrenergic receptor; ALDH; aldehyde dehydrogenase; ATP; adenosine triphosphate; CHF; congestive heart failure; COMT; catechol-O-methyl-transferase; EMT; extraneuronal monoamine transporter; ERK1/2; extracellular signal-regulated