Keywords: فضاهای زمین شناسی; primary; 54C60; secondary; 08A02; 46B20; 51K99; 52A05; 54B20; 54E35; 54F15; Betweenness; Basic ternary relations; Intervals; Betweenness functions; Hyperspaces; Upper (lower) semicontinuity; Metric spaces; Menger betweenness; Intrinsic metrics; Geodesic s