Keywords: هسته رافا مگن; Serotonin; Nucleus raphe magnus; Nucleus reticularis paragigantocellularis pars lateralis; Anterograde labeling; Dorsal horn laminae; Serotonin transporter;
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Keywords: هسته رافا مگن; CGRP; calcitonin gene-related peptide; CSD; cortical spreading depression; GON; greater occipital nerves; iNOS; inducible nitric oxide synthase; LD; lateral dorsal thalamic nuclei; LP; lateral posterior thalamic nuclei; NRM; nucleus raphe magnus; NTG; nit
Keywords: هسته رافا مگن; 5HT; 5-hydroxytryptamine: serotonin; AMB; nucleus ambiguus; AMBd; nucleus ambiguus dorsal division; AMBv; nucleus ambiguus, ventral division; AP; area postrema; BC; Bötzinger complex; CVLM; caudal ventrolateral medulla; CU; cuneate nucleus; DBH; dopamine
Keywords: هسته رافا مگن; cAMP; cyclic adenosine monophosphate; CREB; cAMP response element-binding protein; ELISA; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; NRM; nucleus raphe magnus; PKA; protein kinase A; pPKA; phosphorylated PKA; pCREB; phosphorylated CREB; SCI; spinal cord injury; T
Keywords: هسته رافا مگن; Ach; acetylcholine; AchE; acetylcholine esterease; ACTH; adrenocorticotrophic hormone; ADHD; attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder; AIDS; autoimmune deficiency syndrome; AMSH; alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone; BAM; bovine adrenal medulla peptide; B
Keywords: هسته رافا مگن; 5-HIAA; 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid; 5-HTT; 5-HT transporter; 5-HTTLPR; 5-HTT-linked promoter region; AAAH; aromatic amino acid hydroxylase; AADC; l-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase; AP2; Activator Protein-2; BDHI; Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory; CB; cal
Keywords: هسته رافا مگن; BDNF; brain derived neurotrophic factor; CAMKII; calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II; Ca2+; calcium; cAMP; cyclic adenosine monophosphate; CBS; cystathionine-β-synthase; CCI; chronic constriction injury; CFA; complete Freund's adjuvant; cGMP; cyclic
Keywords: هسته رافا مگن; Unconditioned fear-induced antinociception; Nucleus raphe magnus; Gigantocellularis/paragigantocellularis pars α reticular nuclei; Superior colliculus; Periaqueductal grey matter; 5-HT2-serotonergic receptor
Hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus stimulation enhances c-Fos expression in spinal and supraspinal structures related to pain modulation
Keywords: هسته رافا مگن; Endogenous analgesia; Locus coeruleus; Nucleus raphe magnus; Periaqueductal gray area
Selective ablation of mu-opioid receptor expressing neurons in the rostral ventromedial medulla attenuates stress-induced mechanical hypersensitivity
Keywords: هسته رافا مگن; Nucleus raphe magnus; Stress-induced hyperalgesia; Chronic pain; Opioid; Rat; Dermorphin-saporin
Acetylcholine-mediated neurotransmission within the nucleus raphe magnus exerts a key role in the organization of both interictal and postictal antinociception
Keywords: هسته رافا مگن; Pentylenetetrazole; γ-aminobutyric acid A receptors; Tonic-clonic seizures; Interictal antinociception; Postictal antinociception; Nucleus raphe magnus; Muscarinic cholinergic receptors; Nicotinic cholinergic receptors; Acetylcholine;
Electrical and chemical stimulation of the nucleus raphe magnus inhibits induction of retching by afferent vagal fibers
Keywords: هسته رافا مگن; Vomiting; Vagus nerve; Nucleus raphe magnus; Nucleus of the solitary tract; Descending inhibitory system of pain; Afferent vagal fibers; Pontamine sky blue
The nucleus raphe magnus suppresses vomiting, and the solitary nucleus and 5-HT are not involved in this suppression
Keywords: هسته رافا مگن; Vomiting; Vagus nerve; Nucleus raphe magnus; Nucleus of the solitary tract; Descending inhibitory system of pain; 5-HT; Ondansetron; 1-(m-chlorophenyl)-biguanade hydrochloride; 5-HT3 receptor;
Involvement of descending facilitation from the rostral ventromedial medulla in the enhancement of formalin-evoked nocifensive behavior following repeated forced swim stress
Keywords: هسته رافا مگن; CNS; central nervous system; d-Gi; dorsal portion of nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis; DMH; dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus; DRN; dorsal raphe nucleus; ERK; extracellular signal-regulated kinase; GABA; gamma-aminobutyric acid; GiA; nucleus re
Cellular basis for opioid potentiation in the rostral ventromedial medulla of rats with persistent inflammatory nociception
Keywords: هسته رافا مگن; Hyperalgesia; Antinociception; Nucleus raphe magnus; Whole cell patch clamp recording; Brainstem; DAMGO;
Arginine vasopressin in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus is transferred to the nucleus raphe magnus to participate in pain modulation
Keywords: هسته رافا مگن; Arginine vasopressin; Pain modulation; Hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus; Nucleus raphe magnus
Neurobiology of migraine
Keywords: هسته رافا مگن; migraine; trigeminal; brainstem; orexin; dopamine; glutamate; CGRP; calcitonin gene-related peptide; CSD; cortical spreading depression; LC; locus coeruleus; NMDA; N-methyl-d-aspartate; NRM; nucleus raphe magnus; ONS; occipital nerve stimulation; PAG; per
Electrolytic lesion of the nucleus raphe magnus reduced the antinociceptive effects of bilateral morphine microinjected into the nucleus cuneiformis in rats
Keywords: هسته رافا مگن; Nucleus cuneiformis; Nucleus raphe magnus; Morphine; Electrolytic lesion; Antinociception; Rat
Are opioid-sensitive neurons in the rostral ventromedial medulla inhibitory interneurons?
Keywords: هسته رافا مگن; pain modulation; descending control; disinhibition; nucleus raphe magnus; ON cells; OFF cellsCI, confidence interval; RVM, rostral ventromedial medulla
Neurotensin-produced antinociception in the rostral ventromedial medulla is partially mediated by spinal cord norepinephrine
Keywords: هسته رافا مگن; Nucleus raphe magnus; Nociception; Norepinepherine; Serotonin; Dorsal horn; Neurotensin
Role of glutamatergic receptors located in the nucleus raphe magnus on antinociceptive effect of morphine microinjected into the nucleus cuneiformis of rat
Keywords: هسته رافا مگن; Nucleus cuneiformis; Nucleus raphe magnus; Morphine; NMDA receptor; Kainate/AMPA receptor; Pain modulation
Chronic morphine exposure increases the proportion of on-cells in the rostral ventromedial medulla in rats
Keywords: هسته رافا مگن; Nucleus raphe magnus; Morphine; Pain
Role of opioidergic and GABAergic neurotransmission of the nucleus raphe magnus in the modulation of tonic immobility in guinea pigs
Keywords: هسته رافا مگن; Nucleus raphe magnus; Tonic immobility; Defensive behavior; GABAergic system; Opioidergic system; Guinea pig;
Electroacupuncture suppresses hyperalgesia and spinal Fos expression by activating the descending inhibitory system
Keywords: هسته رافا مگن; EA, Electroacupuncture; NE, NorepinephrineHyperalgesia; Acupuncture; Spinal cord; Nucleus raphe magnus; Locus coeruleus; Dorsolateral funiculus; Rat
Mesopontine tegmental anesthesia area projects independently to the rostromedial medulla and to the spinal cord
Keywords: هسته رافا مگن; reticulospinal; coma; MPTA; pain modulation; RVM; unconsciousness; ABC; avidin-peroxidase complex; ChAT; choline acetyltransferase; CTB; cholera toxin B subunit; DAB; diaminobenzidine; DRN; dorsal raphe nucleus; FG; fluorogold; GABAA-R; GABAA-receptor;
Effect of arginine vasopressin in the nucleus raphe magnus on antinociception in the rat
Keywords: هسته رافا مگن; Arginine vasopressin; Vasopressin receptor antagonist; Nucleus raphe magnus; Antinociception; Rat;
Cholinergic modulation of tonic immobility and nociception in the NRM of guinea pig
Keywords: هسته رافا مگن; Nucleus raphe magnus; Tonic immobility; Defensive behavior; Nociception; Cholinergic system; Vocalization; Guinea pig;
Descending facilitation from the rostral ventromedial medulla maintains nerve injury-induced central sensitization
Keywords: هسته رافا مگن; neurochemical injury; non-noxious stimulation; immunohistochemistry; CFA; complete Freund's adjuvant; DERM-SAP; dermorphin-saporin; DLF; dorsolateral funiculus; LC/SC; locus coeruleus/subcoeruleus; NGC; nucleus gigantocellularis; NGS; normal goat serum;
Antinociception induced by intravenous dipyrone (metamizol) upon dorsal horn neurons: Involvement of endogenous opioids at the periaqueductal gray matter, the nucleus raphe magnus, and the spinal cord in rats
Keywords: هسته رافا مگن; Sensory systems; Pain modulation: pharmacology; Descending pain control; Endogenous opioids; Nucleus raphe magnus; NSAIDs; Periaqueductal gray; Spinal nociceptive neurons;
Neurotensin activation of the NTR1 on spinally-projecting serotonergic neurons in the rostral ventromedial medulla is antinociceptive
Keywords: هسته رافا مگن; Nucleus raphe magnus; Nociception; Immunohistochemistry; Serotonin; Dorsal horn; Neurotensin;
Patterns of fos expression in the rostral medulla and caudal pons evoked by noxious craniovascular stimulation and periaqueductal gray stimulation in the cat
Keywords: هسته رافا مگن; ITN; infratrigeminal nucleus; NHS; normal horse serum; NRGC; nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis; NRM; nucleus raphe magnus; NRMC; nucleus reticular magnocellularis; NRPC; nucleus reticularis parvocellularis; NRPGL; nucleus reticularis paragigantocellul
A brainstem substrate for analgesia elicited by intraoral sucrose
Keywords: هسته رافا مگن; immunohistochemistry; gustatory; pain; opioid analgesia; neonate; BNST; bed nucleus of the stria terminalis; CNA; central nucleus of the amygdala; DAB; 3,3â²-diaminobenzidine; DW; distilled water; EF50; effective force (g) to produce a 50% response frequ
Stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus produces antinociception mediated by 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B and 5-HT3 receptors in the rat spinal cord dorsal horn
Keywords: هسته رافا مگن; antagonist; serotonin; nociception; carbachol; carbamylcholine chloride; DMSO; dimethylsulfoxide; LH; lateral hypothalamus; MEnk; methionine enkephalin neurons; NRM; nucleus raphe magnus; PBS; phosphate-buffered saline; RM; repeated measures; tropisetron;
The lower limb flexion reflex in humans
Keywords: هسته رافا مگن; A; adrenaline; CH; cluster headache; CNS; central nervous system; CPH; chronic paroxysmal hemicrania; CPT; cold pressor test; CTTH; chronic tension-type headache; DNICs; diffuse noxious inhibitory controls; EMG; electromyography, electromyographic; FM; fi