
Keywords: تبدیل فاکتور رشد آلفا; Manganese neurotoxicity; Stem cell; Neurodegeneration; Mitochondria; Excitotoxicity; Astrocyte; Oxidative stress; ACTH; adrenocorticotropin hormone; AD; Alzheimer's disease; BDNF; brain-derived neurotrophic factor; CDTA; 1,2-cyclohexylenedinitrilotetraace