A Second Malignancy Is the Major Cause of Death among Thoracic Squamous Cell Esophageal Cancer Patients Negative for Lymph Node Involvement

The major cause of reduced survival among thoracic squamous esophageal cancer patients, whose lymph nodes did not show metastasis, was a second malignancy. New strategies aimed at preventing or treating synchronous and subsequent malignancies could prolong the survival of these patients.