Low-Level Electrical Stimulation of Aortic Root Ventricular Ganglionated Plexi Attenuates Autonomic Nervous System-Mediated Atrial Fibrillation

These findings suggest that autonomic innervations of left PVs partly originated from aortic root ventricular GP. Moreover, LL-ES of aortic root ventricular GP suppressed AF inducibility and arose from PVs mediated by the autonomic nervous system.