Global mindset and SME internationalization: A fuzzy-set QCA approach

This study uses fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to analyze how individual global mindset (IGM) and corporate global mindset (CGM) relate to SMEs' internationalization behavior. The sample consists of 51 Portuguese SMEs from two sectors: (1) metallurgy and metalworking, and (2) construction and public works. Different combinations of IGM and CGM attributes lead to internationalization effect, international networking activities, and international know-how activities. Sector characteristics determine which configurations of GM attributes affect internationalization behavior. The use of fsQCA to explore how alternative combinations of IGM and CGM attributes lead to internationalization behavior constitutes an important contribution to the literature.