Adjacent-level symptomatic fracture after percutaneous vertebral augmentation of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture: a retrospective analysis

Older age, lower BMD, and intravertebral clefts are the main risk factors for symptomatic AVF after vertebral augmentation, but intradiscal cement leakage does not increase the risk of AVF. AVF occurs because of the natural progression of osteoporosis. Even distribution of bone cement in the vertebral body is important in OVCF patients with intravertebral clefts.