Association of serum carotenoids, retinol, and tocopherols with radiographic knee osteoarthritis: possible risk factors in rural Japanese inhabitants

High serum values of β-/γ-tocopherols were found to be significantly associated with a low OR for radiographic knee osteoarthritis. The decreasing risk with a high serum value of β-/γ-tocopherols may support the possible protective effects against knee OA.