Elemental composition and source identification of very fine aerosol particles in a European air pollution hot-spot

Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) was used to identify sources of PM0.09-0.26, very fine aerosol particles, in a residential district of Ostrava Radvanice and Bartovice, a European air pollution hot-spot. Two-hours resolved elemental composition of very fine particulate matter samples were collected by the eighth stage of Davis Rotating-drum Universal-size-cut Monitoring (DRUM) impactor for the campaign period of the 26th January to the 21st February 2012. The campaign consists of smog (26.1-14.2) and post-smog (15-21.2) periods defined by their PM1 concentrations. Three factors were resolved by PMF: coal combustion, raw iron production and steel production. Coal combustion, associated with high concentrations of Se, Br, Pb, K, and As, dominated during the whole period. The contribution of raw iron production, a factor with high concentration of Mn, Fe, Co and Cr, increased significantly when ambient air temperature and the wind direction changed from NE to SW. Alternatively, the contributions of steel production, associated with Cl, K and Zn, were high under NE winds and decreased during the post-smog period. The mass of very fine particles correlated well with CO concentrations (smog r2 = 0.86, post-smog r2 = 0.43), which may indicate an industrial plume. The low value of S/Se (1448) suggests the impact of local/city-wide stationary coal combustion sources located to the N-NE of the monitoring site.