Metalloproteinase and cytokine production by THP-1 macrophages following exposure to chitosan-DNA nanoparticles

In conclusion, exposure of THP-1 macrophages to Ch-DNA nanoparticles did not induce release of proinflammatory cytokines. The presence of active MMP-9 within the macrophages could possibly be related to nanoparticle phagocytosis and degradation rather than to inflammatory reactions.