Effects of formwork surface materials on concrete lateral pressure

It was concluded that, watering the surface of wood formworks increased lateral pressure of concrete on the formworks. Lateral pressure of steel formwork was equal to limiting value of ACI-347 and larger than lateral pressure of populus nigra, pinus silvestris, and plywood formworks. The lateral pressure of pinus silvestris formwork was some less than 3.3%, 7.2%, 21%, respectively, lateral pressure of populus nigra, plywood, and steel formwork”.