Applying GIS tools to define prehistoric megalith transport route corridors: Olmec megalith transport routes: a case study

Applying spatial data management and analytical tools is an accepted method for investigating potential settlement patterns. This study applied Geographic Information System (GIS) technology to the study of Preclassic Olmec megalith transport in Mesoamerica. The GIS slope gradient tool was used to identify potential transport corridors with gradients of less that 1:10, which defines the limit of human effort needed to control these stones as demonstrated in ethnographic and replication experiments by various researchers. These outcomes were also used to refine transportation methods and likely start points that would be used to cross lowlands near to the San Lorenzo centre of Olmec society.

► We model the terrain between Cerro Cintepec, and San Lorenzo using GIS.
► We identify potential land based transport pathways for megaliths, based on slope gradient analysis.
► Start points for crossing lowland terrain.
► Megalith transportation methods are refined.
► We highlight how GIS analyses can be applied to archaeological problems.