An archaeologically validated protocol for computing obsidian hydration rates from laboratory data

This paper reports the computation of hydration rate for Topaz Mountain obsidian from laboratory data, and a comparison with archaeological data from a well-dated site, Camels Back Cave, in western Utah. Topaz Mountain obsidian is found to be slow-hydrating, with a rate of 0.071 ± 0.021 μ/yr½ at an effective hydration temperature of 16.01 °C. This rate agrees with a rate developed from archaeological data from Camels Back Cave within ∼6%. Activation energy of Topaz Mountain obsidian is 10370 ± 544 K, and its diffusion constant is (1.87 ± 9.13) × 1013 μ2/yr, both of which are independent of temperature. Its intra-source variability in hydration rate is very low (CV < 0.01), implying a low variability in intrinsic water. We present a model of chemical erosion which shows why earlier laboratory-determined rates were incorrect, and discuss the implications of our findings on the determination of experimentally derived rates in obsidian hydration dating.

► We report a method for computing obsidian hydration rate from laboratory data.
► The results agree closely with archaeologically-determined rates.
► The method also determines intra-source rate variations.
► Our findings have implications both for laboratory technique and for computational technique.