Removal of hexavalent chromium by electrochemical reduction-precipitation: Investigation of process performance and reaction stoichiometry

▶ Lower pH favors Cr(VI) reduction to Cr(III). ▶ Maximum 10% Cr(VI) absorption on Cr(OH)3(s)/Fe(OH)3(s) sludge. ▶ PO43− has higher inhibiting effect to Cr(VI) reduction in comparison to Cl−, NO3− and SO42−. ▶ Cr(VI) reduction stoichiometry varies from 2.49 to 2.92.