Antigenic composition of single nano-sized extracellular blood vesicles

We found that some of the molecules, which were considered ubiquitous on the basis of bulk analysis, are not expressed on all of the EVs. Also, specific capture of EVs by antibody-coupled magnetic nanoparticles allowed us to visualize and to quantify minor fractions of EVs that are present in concentrations as low as a few EVs per microliter (e.g., EVs captured through CD31 and co-expressing CD63 and CD41).137