Gold nanoparticles and radiofrequency in experimental models for hepatocellular carcinoma

Tumor-targeted gold nanoparticles are under scrutiny as nanovectors for cancer therapeutics to minimize toxicity and increase efficacy. In this current investigation we have studied a combined modality treatment that involves delivery of gemcitabine-loaded, EGFR-targeted, gold nanoparticles followed by non-invasive radiofrequency field-induced hyperthermia. We find that this strategy is specifically toxic to tumor cells with undetectable damage to normal tissues. Furthermore, it permits use of gemcitabine at dose ~ 275-fold lower than the current clinically delivered dose. These findings are clinically relevant and could potentially benefit patients with advanced hepatocellular cancer where safe and effective therapies are urgently needed.107