Nanoclusters self-assembled from conformation-stabilized influenza M2e as broadly cross-protective influenza vaccines

Tetrameric M2e self-assembled into nanoclusters improved M2e immunogenicity in intranasal immunization in mice, eliciting high levels of serum antigen-specific antibody and T cell responses. The immunity conferred complete protection against lethal challenges with homo- as well as heterosubtypic viruses. Assembly into nanoclusters can be a new approach for enhancing the immunogenicity of protein antigens.140