The effectiveness of evidence-based treatments for personality disorders when comparing treatment-as-usual and bona fide treatments

A total of 30 studies (Study 1; N = 1662) were included in the meta-analysis comparing EBTs to TAU. A total of 12 studies (Study 2; N = 723) were included in the meta-analysis comparing bona fide treatments. Study 1 found that EBTs were superior to TAU, although the TAU conditions were not comparable in many respects (e.g., not psychotherapy, lacking supervision, lacking training, etc.) to the EBT and there was significant heterogeneity in the effects. Study 2 found that some bona fide treatments were superior to others.