The serotonin transporter gene polymorphism (5HTTLPR) moderates the effect of adolescent environmental conditions on self-esteem in young adulthood: A structural equation modeling approach

► This is the first study to identify a gene-environment interaction effect on self-esteem. ► Subjective measures of adolescent psychosocial environment did not predict self-esteem 5-years later in young adulthood. ► Observer ratings of home and neighborhood quality during adolescence predicted self-esteem level 5-years later. ► The serotonin transporter gene polymorphism moderated the effect of adolescent environment on adulthood self-esteem. ► The 'l/l' 5HTTLPR genotype was protective against environmental stress.