The influences of environmental enrichment, cognitive enhancement, and physical exercise on brain development: Can we alter the developmental trajectory of ADHD?

▶ The behavioral manifestations of ADHD are the result of deficient neural networks. ▶ Neurodevelopment can be positively affected by appropriate environmental influences. ▶ Effective environmental stimulation will be best achieved within a social context. ▶ Intrinsically rewarding (i.e., fun) treatment will facilitate persistence over time. ▶ Play that places demands on cognitive skills may be effective for treating ADHD.