Neurotransmitters excreted in the urine as biomarkers of nervous system activity: Validity and clinical applicability

▶ Neurotransmitters excreted in urine are biomarkers to assess the nervous system. ▶ Improved technology has increased the sensitivity, specificity, and lowered cost. ▶ The mechanism of neurotransmitters transport from the brain to the blood. ▶ The mechanism of neurotransmitters transport from the blood into the urine. ▶ Urinary neurotransmitter testing for depression, ADHD, and inflammation.