The suppression of repetition enhancement: A review of fMRI studies

► Both hemodynamic enhancement and suppression can accompany repeated stimulus exposure in fMRI research. ► Several cognitive variables bias towards enhancement vs. suppression. ► Stimulus recognition, learning, expectation, attention and explicit memory retrieval are variables that play a role. ► No one single model can account for all repetition enhancement findings. ► accumulation, novel network formation as well as predictive coding models can all explain subsets of repetition enhancement effects.