The functional 5-HT1A receptor polymorphism affects response inhibition processes in a context-dependent manner

► The 5-HT1A C(−1019)G polymorphism modulates response control context-dependently. ► The −1019G allele increases risk for anxiety disorders, but also confers a benefit. ► This benefit occurs when context information is at the adverse for cognitive control. ► The results broaden the importance of the dorsal raphe nucleus for cognitive control.