Modeling of pedestrian evacuation under fire emergency based on an extended heterogeneous lattice gas model

► We developed an E-HLG model in which an altitude concept is introduced. ► Influences of the altitude factor are studied through simulations and experiments. ► The altitude factor plays a guidance role to the evacuation. ► An FPI model is proposed to study evacuation processes under fire emergency. ► The fire delays the evacuation due to the complicated evacuation routes.