Plug-in hybrid vehicle GHG impacts in California: Integrating consumer-informed recharge profiles with an electricity-dispatch model

► We estimate California Plug-in Hybrid Vehicle (PHEV) GHGs using consumer data and an electricity supply model. ► Consumer-designed (mostly “blended”) PHEVs can reduce GHG emissions compared to conventional vehicles. ► These PHEVs can also reduce GHG emissions relative to “all-electric” PHEV designs. ► “All-electric” designs may further reduce GHG emissions as electricity carbon intensity falls. ► Ranking of GHG savings from off-peak versus daytime charging scenarios depends on electricity carbon intensity.