On the flow characteristics of the conical Minoan pipes used in water supply systems, via computational fluid dynamics simulations

► Evaluation of the flow characteristics of several pipe designs. ► Comparison between straight and conical pipes in terms of energy efficiency. ► Purpose of fabricating the conical Terracotta pipes for ancient Minoan civilization. ► Reasons for the original design and the abandoning of the usage of the Minoan Terracotta pipes.