Insights into early Middle Palaeolithic tool use and hafting in Western Europe. The functional analysis of level IIa of the early Middle Palaeolithic site of Biache-Saint-Vaast (France)

► Early Middle Palaeolithic stone tools are examined for evidence of use and hafting. ► The site proves to be a specialised hunting stand with distinct evidence of hafting. ► Stone weapon tips were identified within the assemblage. ► Hafting was performed for hunting weapons, butchering and woodworking tools. ► Functional data contribute new insights in Neanderthal subsistence and organisation.