Non-destructive PXRF analysis of museum-curated obsidian from the Near East

► Characterisation of museum-curated obsidian from the Near East using non-destructive PXRF. ► Non-destructive PXRF is sufficiently reliable for comparison with legacy datasets. ► Multivariate analysis provenancing artefacts using geological and legacy datasets. ► Göllü dağ, Nenezi dağ, Bingöl and region around Lake Van major obsidian sources during Chalcolithic. ► Variation in assemblages suggests different obsidian exchange networks were in operation.