Using clustering techniques to identify localities with multiple health and social needs

► K-means clustering of 30 health and social metrics grouped all English localities (n=324) into 5 clusters. ► Over the life course poor health, social and judicial outcomes concentrate in specific localities. ► Northern England contains 15.7% of all English localities but 63.0% in the worst outcomes cluster. ► Multiple challenges in specific areas may create problems exceeding the sum of individual issues. ► Results question the transferability of effective policies between areas in different clusters.