Ecological stoichiometry and its implications for aquatic ecosystem sustainability

► Aquatic ecosystems are being altered through eutrophication and imbalanced N and P loads. ► Nutrient stoichiometry affects all levels of the food web. ► Sediment biogeochemistry is also altered when N and P loads change. ► Regeneration and biotic feedbacks lead to new stable states when N and P loads change. ► These changes may create opportunities for invasive species.