Future biological and ecosystem impacts of ocean acidification and their socioeconomic-policy implications

► Anthropogenic CO2 emissions are changing ocean carbonate chemistry at an unprecedented rate. ► Ocean acidification will have biological and ecological effects of unknown magnitude. ► Key commercial species are sensitive to ocean acidification, for example, mollusks and young fish such as cod. ► The ocean provides important goods and services, some of which are at risk from ocean acidification. ► Global action on CO2 emissions via the United Nations is needed to limit future ocean acidification.